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Basic nail anatomy

The
lunula is the white crescent-shaped area of this finger.
Latin lunula Code
TH H3.12.00.3.02006
The
lunula, or
lunulae (pl.) (little moon in
Latin), is the crescent-shaped whitish area of the bed of a
fingernail or
toenail. The lunula is the visible part of the
nail matrix (i.e. the root of the nail).
In humans, it appears by week 14 of
gestation, and has a primary structural role in defining the free edge of the distal nail plate (the part of the nail that grows outward).
[edit] AppearanceIt is located at the end of the nail (that is closest to the skin of the finger), but it still lies under the nail. It is not actually white but only appears so when it is seen through the nail. Outlining the nail matrix, the lunula is a very delicate part of the nail structure. If one damages the lunula, the nail will permanently be deformed. Even when the totality of the nail is removed, the lunula remains in place and is similar in appearance to another smaller fingernail embedded in the
nail bed.
It is half-moon-shaped, and has unique histologic features. Examinations concluded that the lunula was an area of loose dermis with lesser developed collagen bundles.
[1]The lunula is most noticeable on the thumb, however, not everyone's lunula is visible. In some cases, the
eponychium may partially or completely cover the lunula.